Are you looking for Chemical Reaction And Equation Class 10 Notes? Chemical reactions and equations are essential concepts in chemistry. Chemical reactions are processes in which one or more substances (reactants) are converted into one or more new substances (products). Chemical equations are a way of representing chemical reactions using symbols and formulas.
Chemical reactions are all around us. Some common examples include:
- Burning wood: Wood (reactant) reacts with oxygen (reactant) in the air to produce carbon dioxide (product), water (product), and heat (product).
- Rusting iron: Iron (reactant) reacts with oxygen (reactant) in the air to produce rust (product).
Chemical Reaction And Equation Class 10 Notes:
In this article, we will learn more about chemical reactions and equations. We will discuss the different types of important questions on chemical reactions, how to write chemical equations, and how to balance chemical equations. We will also explore some real-world examples of chemical reactions.
Chemical Reaction:
A chemical reaction is a process in which two or more substances (reactants) combine to form new substances (products). Chemical reactions involve the breaking and forming of chemical bonds, and they can be accompanied by changes in energy, state of matter, and other physical properties.
Chemical Equation:
A chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction. It uses the chemical symbols and formulas of the reactants and products to show the composition of the substances involved in the reaction and the direction in which the reaction proceeds.
Types of Chemical Reactions:
There are four main types of chemical reactions:
- Combination reaction: Two or more reactants combine to form a single product.
- Decomposition reaction: A single reactant breaks down to form two or more products.
- Displacement reaction: One element displaces another element in a compound.
- Double displacement reaction: Two compounds exchange ions to form two new compounds.
Balancing Chemical Equations:
A balanced chemical equation is one in which the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation. This is because chemical reactions cannot create or destroy atoms, only rearrange them.
To balance a chemical equation, you can use the following steps:
- Identify the reactants and products in the equation.
- Count the number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation.
- Add or remove coefficients (numbers in front of the chemical symbols and formulas) to make the number of atoms of each element the same on both sides of the equation.
Here is an example of a balanced chemical equation:
2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
This equation shows that two molecules of hydrogen (H2) react with one molecule of oxygen (O2) to form two molecules of water (H2O). The number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation:
- Hydrogen: 4 atoms on the left, 4 atoms on the right
- Oxygen: 2 atoms on the left, 2 atoms on the right
Chemical Reactions in Everyday Life:
Chemical reactions are happening all around us, all the time. Here are a few examples of chemical reactions in everyday life:
- When you light a match, the chemicals in the matchhead react with the oxygen in the air to produce heat and light.
- When you cook food, the chemicals in the food react with the heat to change its colour, flavour, and texture.
- When you digest food, the chemicals in your digestive system break down the food into smaller molecules that your body can absorb.
- When you breathe, the oxygen in the air reacts with the chemicals in your blood to produce energy for your body.
Class 10 Science Chapter 1 Short Question Answer:
1. What is a chemical reaction?
-> A chemical reaction is a process in which one or more substances are converted into one or more new substances.
2. What are the reactants and products of a chemical reaction?
-> The reactants are the substances that are converted into new substances, and the products are the new substances that are formed.
3. What is a chemical equation?
-> A chemical equation is a way of representing a chemical reaction using symbols and formulas.
4. What is a balanced chemical equation?
-> A balanced chemical equation is an equation that shows the same number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation.
5. What are the different types of chemical reactions?
-> The different types of chemical reactions are combustion, decomposition, combination, displacement, and double displacement.
6. What is combustion?
-> Combustion is a chemical reaction that involves the burning of a substance in oxygen.
7. What is decomposition?
-> Decomposition is a chemical reaction in which a compound is broken down into simpler substances.
8. What is combination?
-> Combination is a chemical reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a new compound.
9. What is displacement?
-> Displacement is a chemical reaction in which a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its compound.
10. What is double displacement?
-> Double displacement is a chemical reaction in which two ionic compounds exchange ions to form two new ionic compounds.
11. What is a precipitation reaction?
-> A precipitation reaction is a double displacement reaction that results in the formation of an insoluble solid.
12. What is a neutralization reaction?
-> A neutralization reaction is a chemical reaction between an acid and a base that produces a salt and water.
13. What is an oxidation-reduction reaction?
-> An oxidation-reduction reaction is a chemical reaction in which one substance loses electrons (oxidation) and another substance gains electrons (reduction).
14. What is the law of conservation of mass?
-> The law of conservation of mass states that matter cannot be created or destroyed in a chemical reaction.
15. What is the activity series of metals?
-> The activity series of metals is a list of metals arranged in order of decreasing reactivity.
16. What is the difference between a physical change and a chemical change?
-> A physical change is a change in the appearance or state of a substance without a change in its chemical composition. A chemical change is a change in the composition of a substance.
17. What is the difference between an exothermic reaction and an endothermic reaction?
-> An exothermic reaction is a chemical reaction that releases heat. An endothermic reaction is a chemical reaction that absorbs heat.
18. What are some common examples of chemical reactions?
-> Some common examples of chemical reactions include burning wood, rusting iron, cooking food, digestion of food, and respiration.
19. How can we balance a chemical equation?
-> To balance a chemical equation, we add coefficients to the reactants and products so that the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation.
20. What is the significance of chemical equations?
-> Chemical equations are significant because they allow us to understand the stoichiometry of chemical reactions and to predict the products of a reaction.
Class 10 Science Chapter 1 MCQ:
1. Which of the following is NOT a chemical reaction?
- (A) Burning of wood
- (B) Dissolving salt in water
- (C) Rusting of iron
- (D) Melting of ice
2. Which of the following is a balanced chemical equation?
- (A) H2 + O2 → H2O
- (B) 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
- (C) 2H2 + O2 → H2O
- (D) H2 + O → H2O
3. What is the type of reaction that occurs when calcium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid to form calcium chloride, water, and carbon dioxide?
- (A) Combination reaction
- (B) Decomposition reaction
- (C) Displacement reaction
- (D) Neutralization reaction
4. Which of the following is an exothermic reaction?
- (A) Photosynthesis
- (B) Burning of magnesium
- (C) Melting of ice
- (D) Evaporation of water
5. Which of the following is an endothermic reaction?
- (A) Burning of coal
- (B) Rusting of iron
- (C) Dissolution of sodium hydroxide in water
- (D) All of the above
6. What is the coefficient of oxygen in the following balanced chemical equation?
2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
- (A) 1
- (B) 2
- (C) 3
- (D) 4
7. What is the product formed when copper(II) oxide is heated with hydrogen gas?
- (A) Copper
- (B) Copper(I) oxide
- (C) Water
- (D) Hydrogen peroxide
8. Which of the following reactions is an example of combustion?
- (A) Zinc reacting with hydrochloric acid to form zinc chloride and hydrogen gas
- (B) Copper reacting with nitric acid to form copper nitrate and nitrogen dioxide gas
- (C) Magnesium burning in air to form magnesium oxide
- (D) All of the above
9. Which of the following reactions is an example of a displacement reaction?
- (A) Iron reacting with copper sulfate solution to form iron sulfate solution and copper
- (B) Sodium hydroxide reacting with sulfuric acid to form sodium sulfate and water
- (C) Hydrogen gas reacting with oxygen gas to form water
- (D) All of the above
10. Which of the following substances does NOT undergo combustion?
- (A) Coal
- (B) Wood
- (C) Iron
- (D) Water
11. Which of the following is a chemical change?
- (A) Boiling of water
- (C) Melting of ice
- (B) Rusting of iron
- (D) All of the above
12. What is the colour change observed when a blue litmus paper is dipped into a solution with a pH of 1?
- (A) Red
- (B) Blue
- (C) Green
- (D) Yellow
13. Which of the following is a physical change?
- (A) Burning of paper
- (B) Dissolving sugar in water
- (C) Rusting of iron
- (D) All of the above
14. What is the balance coefficient of hydrogen gas in the following balanced chemical equation?
2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
- (A) 1
- (B) 2
- (C) 3
- (D) 4
15. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a chemical reaction?
- (A) Formation of new substances
- (B) Change in state of matter
- (C) Release or absorption of energy
- (D) All of the above
Class 10 Science Chapter 1 Notes PDF:
1. What is a chemical reaction?
-> A chemical reaction is a process in which one or more substances are changed into one or more new substances with different chemical properties.
2. What is a chemical equation?
-> A chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction using the chemical symbols and formulas of the reactants and products. The reactants are written on the left side of the equation, and the products are written on the right side of the equation. An arrow separates the reactants from the products.
3. What is the law of conservation of mass?
-> The law of conservation of mass states that the total mass of the reactants in a chemical reaction is equal to the total mass of the products.
4. How do you balance a chemical equation?
-> To balance a chemical equation, you must add or remove coefficients in front of the chemical symbols and formulas to make sure that the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation.
5. What is the difference between a physical change and a chemical change?
-> A physical change is a change in the state or appearance of a substance without changing its chemical composition. Examples of physical changes include melting, boiling, and dissolving. A chemical change is a change in the chemical composition of a substance, resulting in the formation of one or more new substances. Examples of chemical changes include burning, rusting, and cooking.
6. What are the different types of chemical reactions?
-> The different types of chemical reactions include:
- Combination reactions: Two or more substances combine to form a single product.
- Decomposition reactions: A single substance decomposes into two or more products.
- Displacement reactions: One element displaces another element from a compound.
- Double displacement reactions: Two compounds exchange ions to form two new compounds.
7. What is the difference between an exothermic reaction and an endothermic reaction?
-> An exothermic reaction is a chemical reaction that releases heat. An endothermic reaction is a chemical reaction that absorbs heat.
8. Give two examples of exothermic reactions.
-> Two examples of exothermic reactions are:
- Burning of wood
- Neutralization of an acid with a base
9. Give two examples of endothermic reactions.
-> Two examples of endothermic reactions are:
- Melting of ice
- Photosynthesis
10. Why is it important to balance chemical equations?
-> It is important to balance chemical equations because the law of conservation of mass states that the total mass of the reactants in a chemical reaction is equal to the total mass of the products. If a chemical equation is not balanced, then it will not obey the law of conservation of mass.
Chemical Reactions and Equations Class 10 PDF:
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FAQs On Chemical Reaction And Equation Class 10 Notes:
Q. What is chemical equation class 10? A-> A chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction using symbols and formulas of the substances involved. It shows the reactants, products, and the direction of the reaction. Q. What is chemical reaction class 10? A-> A chemical reaction is a process in which substances are changed into new substances with different properties. Examples of chemical reactions: Burning a candle, Rusting of iron, Curdling of milk etc. Q. What is a balanced chemical equation class 10? A-> A balanced chemical equation has the same number of atoms of each element on both sides of the arrow. Example: CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O
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